Russia's vast size means that many different climatic conditions prevail in different parts of the country . In the west, the cities of Moscow and St Petersburg have average summer temperatures between May and September of around 24 degrees C (75 degrees F), occasionally much hotter. There is high rainfall in summer, and violent thunderstorms are common.

Winters in these cities is harsh, with solid ice on the ground for much of the time between November and March and temperatures typically around -10 degrees C (14 degrees F) for much of the season, sometimes considerably colder. There are no distinct spring and autumn seasons, although what might be called 'Spring' is marked by the mud and slush of the thawing ice.

Russian is the official language. More than 120 languages are spoken Russia. Most everyone speaks Russian.

There are no 'essential' vaccinations for Russia but there are some that are strongly recommended. These includes the vaccines against food and water borne diseases (Hepatitis A and Typhoid) as well as ensuring that you are up-to-date with cover against the main 'childhood' diseases Longer term travellers or those trekking around Russia may also need to consider vaccination cover against a number of other diseases such as Rabies, Hepatitis B, Meningococcal Meningitis and Tick Borne Encephalitis.

June to July sees numerous cultural events and firework displays take place, making st petersburg a gloriously vibrant place to visit. It is also the busiest time of year, so hotels raise their prices accordingly and availability is scarce; you should therefore book well in advance. Temperatures are pleasantly warm in June and can be quite hot in July

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